General construction: permits, planning, hiring
How to read a geotechnical (soils) report
A geotechnical report tells the structural engineer what the ground can carry and what could go wrong. Here is what to look for as a non-engineer.
A geotechnical report tells the structural engineer what the ground can carry and what could go wrong. Here is what to look for as a non-engineer.
What it is for
A geotechnical investigation characterizes the soil and rock under a site so the foundation can be designed for it. It is prepared by a geotechnical engineer from borings or test pits and lab tests, and addressed to the foundation designer.
Sections to find
- Site and scope: where and how deep investigation went.
- Subsurface profile: soil layers and thickness at each boring.
- Groundwater: the level found and whether it varies by season.
- Bearing capacity recommendations: allowable bearing pressure and the foundation types advised.
- Settlement and expansive soil: expected movement and how to deal with it.
- Earthwork: fill, compaction and excavation advice.
- Seismic and liquefaction notes where relevant.
Red flags to raise with the engineer
Soft or organic layers, high groundwater, expansive clay, uncontrolled fill, or borings that do not reach the depth the foundation will influence. These can change foundation type and cost.
Limits
Borings sample a few points. Ground between them can differ, so reports state their limits. Keep the contractor aware of the report and ask who pays if conditions differ from it; this is a contract term, see contract types.
Share it
Give the report to the structural engineer and to bidders. Do not give the structural engineer a summary alone.
Quick answers
- Do I always need one? Not always for small work, but many AHJs and engineers require it. Ask both.
- Who should commission it? Usually the owner, so the engineer can rely on it.
- What is bearing capacity? The pressure the soil can support under a foundation, as set by the geotechnical engineer.
Rules differ by country, state and city. Confirm requirements with your local authority having jurisdiction and with the licensed professionals on your project; nothing here is legal, engineering or financial advice.
Questions people ask
Do I always need one?
Not always for small work, but many AHJs and engineers require it. Ask both.
Who should commission it?
Usually the owner, so the engineer can rely on it.
What is bearing capacity?
The pressure the soil can support under a foundation, as set by the geotechnical engineer.
Sources and further reading
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