Tiling basics for first-timers

A tiled surface is judged by its flatness and its lines. Both are decided before the first tile is stuck.

Prepare the base

• The base must be flat, sound, clean and suitable for tile.
• Repair cracks and loose areas first.
• Waterproofing in showers and wet rooms is critical and often best done by a trade.

Plan the layout

Dry-lay a row to see where cuts fall. Start from a centre or datum line so cuts at the edges are balanced, and avoid thin slivers at doors and corners.

Set the tiles

1. Use the adhesive and trowel the tile maker recommends.
2. Press tiles in and check they sit flat against neighbours.
3. Use spacers to keep joints even.
4. Check coverage by lifting an occasional tile.

Grout and seal

Let the adhesive cure as stated, then grout, clean the surface and use flexible sealant at corners and changes of plane, not grout.

Safety

Cutting tile creates silica dust. Cut wet or with dust control, use a vacuum, and wear a respirator and eye protection. See dust and silica safety.

Always check the project drawings and specification, and confirm requirements with the engineer of record and the local authority.

Quick answers

• What matters most in tiling? A flat, rigid, clean base and a planned layout. Setting tile on a poor base fails later.
• Do wet areas need special treatment? Yes. Showers and wet rooms need proper waterproofing, which is a technical job. Consider a trade for it.
• How long before grouting? Follow the adhesive instructions. Grouting too early can disturb the tiles.
• Is a tile saw needed? For many tiles, a cutter or saw is needed. Cutting generates silica dust, so use wet methods and protection.

Questions people ask

What matters most in tiling?

A flat, rigid, clean base and a planned layout. Setting tile on a poor base fails later.

Do wet areas need special treatment?

Yes. Showers and wet rooms need proper waterproofing, which is a technical job. Consider a trade for it.

How long before grouting?

Follow the adhesive instructions. Grouting too early can disturb the tiles.

Is a tile saw needed?

For many tiles, a cutter or saw is needed. Cutting generates silica dust, so use wet methods and protection.

Sources and further reading

• NIOSH (CDC)
• OSHA
• NAHB

Text Digital Oro

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