Truss
A truss is a triangulated frame of members that spans an opening, most often to carry a roof or floor with less material than a solid beam.
A truss is a triangulated frame of members that spans an opening, most often to carry a roof or floor with less material than a solid beam.
Definition
A truss is a structure assembled from straight members joined into triangles, so that loads travel through the members mainly as tension and compression. Roof trusses, floor trusses and long-span trusses all follow this idea.
A plain example
A common case is a roof truss: top chords slope up from each wall, a bottom chord ties them across, and web members form triangles between them. Trusses are set at regular spacing and then tied together with sheathing and bracing.
Why it matters
Triangles do not change shape under load the way rectangles can, which lets a truss span a wide opening with a light frame. Many trusses are built off site to a design, which fits prefabrication and shorter site assembly.
Common confusion
A truss is not the same as a rafter-and-joist frame built piece by piece on site. It is designed as a unit, and members should not be cut or altered in the field without approval. Trusses also need temporary and permanent bracing to behave as designed.
On a project
Truss packages normally arrive with a layout drawing and design sheets from the truss supplier. Compare the layout with the architectural plan, and keep the bracing notes with the delivery so the installers can see them.
Quick answers
- Why are trusses triangular? A triangle holds its shape when loaded, so members mostly carry axial force and the frame stays stable.
- Can a truss member be cut on site? Do not alter a truss without written approval from the truss designer and the engineer of record.
- Are trusses only for roofs? No. Floor trusses and long-span trusses are also common.
Related terms
Always check the project drawings and specification, and confirm requirements with the engineer of record and the local authority.
Questions people ask
Why are trusses triangular?
A triangle holds its shape when loaded, so members mostly carry axial force and the frame stays stable.
Can a truss member be cut on site?
Do not alter a truss without written approval from the truss designer and the engineer of record.
Are trusses only for roofs?
No. Floor trusses and long-span trusses are also common.
Sources and further reading
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